Basics, macroscopic/microscopic approach, definition and measurement of temperature, temperature of ideal gas, state functions, perfect differentials, thermodynamic equilibrium. Work in hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic systems, reversible and non-reversible transitions, 1st thermodynamic law, heat capacities Cp, Cv, adiabatic transition equation, applications of the 1st thermodynamic law (velocity of a longitudinal wave, free expansion). Equation of state of non-ideal gas, Virial equation, deviation from the ideal case, deviation factor Z. Heat-work conversions, 2nd thermodynamic law, thermal engines, Kelvin-Planck formulation, Clausius formulation, equivalence of formulations. Carnot cycle, introduction of absolute temperature, Clausius theorem, entropy, Karatheodory formulation, Clausius inequality, principle of entropy. Calculation of changes in entropy. Entropy and disorder, absolute zero, negative temperatures, 3rd thermodynamic law. Thermodynamic potentials, maximum work gain, fundamental equation of thermodynamics, Maxwell equations, TdS equations, equations of heat capacities. Refrigeration of gases, Joule-Thomson expansion (enthalpy), phase equilibrium, equilibrium condition, Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Qualitative and quantitative diagrams P-V and P-T, critical point, g-T and g-P diagrams. Chemical potential, heat transfer.
